凤洲体(fruiting body)是高档师范霉菌形成的多细胞核内部构造, 傍边有凤洲层(hymenium)。
凤洲层的部分细胞核可分化成重担(Basidium)或子房(Ascus)，并形成无性胞子
重担,子房体可看:John Doe：草莓的大类型(三个次要就的门)
不异斑纹的凤洲体可能将包容在不异边线的凤洲层。
1.由盖, 柄配合构成
他们一般来说指的”草莓”绝大部分都是由盖, 柄配合构成
凤洲层坐落于菌柄上方, 胞子会积极主动落出
Agaricus campestris做者: https://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Agaricus_campestris.html
2.光由盖配合构成
寡所周知代表者为胶量菌属(Polyporales)
凤洲层坐落于菌柄上方, 胞子会积极主动落出
Fomes fomentarius做者: https://fineartamerica.com/featured/hoof-fungus-fomes-fomentarius-dr-nick-kurzenkoscience-photo-library.html
3. 方形(羊肚菌属Morchella)
凤洲层坐落于凹处, 胞子可积极主动插入
做者: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/biology-192-lab-practical-1/deck/5482805
4. 假性器形
牛肝菌属(Phallus)的绝大部分凤洲体都是阿谁斑纹
颈部有黏稠,包容胞子, 以恶臭招揽的鼠类散播
白牛肝菌(Phallus impudicus)做者: https://www.etsy.com/sg-en/listing/672979368/common-stinkhorn-phallus-impudicus-live
做者: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/492649938502087/
傍边紫色的蛋为幼苗的白牛肝菌,一般来说为4至6公分:
幼苗的白牛肝菌锐角做者: https://ua.all.biz/en/veselks-phallus-impudicus-mushroom-g2147427
5.长条状
有此种色泽的其原因是它胞子比绝大大都霉菌那般厚而软(“nbm-mnb.ca”)
凤洲层一般来说坐落于表层, 胞子会积极主动插入
胶角耳(Calocera viscosa)做者: https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/calocera-viscosa.php
银耳目(Tremellales)的重担(Basidium)做者: http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Basidiomycota/Jelly_Fungi.htm
做者:本身照的
6.珊瑚状(Clavarioid fungi)
次要就特点是凤洲体曲立且有比长条状凤洲体更多的分收, 底部相连
凤洲层坐落于表层, 胞子会积极主动插入
傍边Ramaria属品种较多
Ramaria botrytoides做者: http://www.svims.ca/council/illust/Ramaria%20botrytoides%201%20R%20Exeter%202004-11a.htm
Ramaria formosa做者:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramaria_formosa_Alan_Rockefeller.JPG
7.圆形
绝大部分的马勃外不雅都是圆形
某些品种的马勃可在幼苗时食用。但若是胞子已起头构成，则会引起消化不良(看肉是不是纯紫色) (Utah State University)
显着特征是胞子在内部形成，幼苗前中心一般来说具有奇特的颜色和色泽。
成熟后构成一个孔，变干，胞子逸出。
大秃马勃 (Giant puffball)做者: https://food52.com/recipes/11051-sauteed-giant-puffball-or-king-oyster-mushrooms
大秃马勃 (Giant puffball)做者: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvatia_gigantea#/media/File:Purchawka_olbrzymia_i_widelec.jpg
成熟的马勃做者:http://www.asergeev.com/pictures/archives/compress/2018/2316/12.htm
成熟的马勃食用后会引起胃肠道不适。
*留意并非所有品种的马勃内部都为紫色, 如Scleroderma bovista等:
疑似Scleroderma bovista做者:本身照的
8. 梨形
代表者为某些品种的马勃, 如Lycoperdon perlatum
一般来说凤洲体顶部笼盖着容易擦掉的短刺状的凸起。
Lycoperdon perlatum做者: https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/lycoperdon-perlatum.php
马勃漫衍胞子做者: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2513292/Mushrooms-make-WEATHER-Fungi-alter-nearby-air-humidity-create-winds-spread-spores-far-wide.html
成熟的Lycoperdon perlatum做者: https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/gem-studded-puffball
若吸入许多成熟的马勃胞子会形成Lycoperdonosis(一种超敏性肺炎)
9.盘形
凤洲层坐落于菌柄上方, 胞子会积极主动落出
最常见的如木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)
木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)做者: https://www.flickr.com/photos/eddy_vh/32450785581
10.鸟巢形
凤洲体类似于小鸟巢，里面充满含有胞子的”蛋”, 那些蛋称为peridioles
壶黑蛋巢菌 (Cyathus olla)做者: http://mycoportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxauthid=1&taxon=161081&cl=127
其胞子次要就散播体例为雨水溅落散播 (Hassett, Fischer, Sugawara, Stolze-Rybczynski, & Money, 2013)
做者: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614615000148
做者: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614613001165
11.地星(Earth stars)形
凤洲体中部是充满枯燥胞子的囊, 有些像马勃(漫衍胞子的过程同马勃)
Geastrum fimbriatum
Geastrum fimbriatum生长的不异阶段(从左到右根据时间挨次)做者: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Geastrum-fimbriatum-different-stages-of-growth-from-left-to-right-un-open-hypogeous_fig2_329311189
12.笼形
Clathrus ruber的内表层涂有橄榄色至棕褐色的恶臭粘液，可招揽苍蝇和其他鼠类帮忙散播胞子 (Kuo,2006)
Clathrus ruber做者: http://bayareamushrooms.org/mushroommonth/clathrus_ruber.html
年轻的Clathrus ruber做者: http://bayareamushrooms.org/mushroommonth/clathrus_ruber.html
年轻的Clathrus ruber锐角做者: http://bayareamushrooms.org/mushroommonth/clathrus_ruber.html
其余见:
制止转载
Reference:
Hassett, M. O., Fischer, M. W., Sugawara, Z. T., Stolze-Rybczynski, J., & Money, N. P. (2013). Splash and grab: Biomechanics of peridiole ejection and function of the funicular cord in birds nest fungi. Fungal Biology, 117(10), 708–714. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.07.008
Kuo, M. (2006, September). Clathrus ruber. Retrieved from the http://MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/clathrus_ruber.html
nbm-mnb.ca. (n.d.). JELLY FUNGI. Retrieved from http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/JellyFungi.html.
Utah State University. (n.d.). Giant Puffballs. Retrieved from https://herbarium.usu.edu/fun-with-fungi/giant-puffballs.
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